Blood-Mind Barrier Protein Claudin-5 Expressed in Paired Xenopus laevis Oocytes Mediates Cell-Cell Interplay
Claudin-5 determines the sealing properties of blood-brain barrier tight junctions and its perform is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory problems. Specializing in the contribution of claudin-5 to the trans-interaction throughout the tight junction seal, we used Xenopus laevis oocytes as an expression system. Cells had been clustered and challenged in a novel strategy for the evaluation of claudin interplay. We evaluated the strengthening impact of claudin-5 to cell-cell-connection compared to claudin-3.
Utility of a hydrostatic stress impulse on clustered management oocyte pairs revealed a discount of contact areas. In distinction, mixtures with each oocytes expressing claudins maintained an enhanced connection between the cells (cldn5-cldn5, cldn3-cldn3). Energy of interplay was elevated by each claudin-Three and claudin-5.
This novel strategy allowed an evaluation of single claudins contributing to tight junction integrity, characterizing homophilic and hetrophilic trans-interaction of claudins. To check a brand new screening strategy for barrier effectors, exemplarily, this 2-cell mannequin of oocytes was used to investigate the impact of the absorption enhancer sodium caprate on the oocyte pairs.
Two dimensional proteomic evaluation of serum exhibits immunological proteins completely expressed in sulfur mustard uncovered sufferers with long run pulmonary problems
Background: Regardless of greater than 30 years after utilization of sulfur mustard or bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide (SM) by Iraqi troops towards Iranian army members and civilians, there are a whole lot of reported delayed problems for the uncovered folks. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of motion from this chemical warfare agent just isn’t acknowledged but.
Materials and technique: On this examine, we employed two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) method to analyze the serum proteins from chemical uncovered folks in comparison with non-exposed people to offer an inside into molecular mechanism of this chemical agent. Every group was divided into two subgroups together with people with, and with out respiratory problems. For every group, 10 people had been included after knowledgeable consent.
End result: The outcomes confirmed protein spots, which had been completely/primarily expressed in chemical uncovered sufferers with problems, together with T cell receptor alpha, and hematopoietic cell sign transducer. Additionally there have been protein spots that had been expressed solely in all uncovered teams (with and with out problems). Alternatively, we might determine protein spots that had been completely expressed/altered solely in non-exposed group with problems together with Pre T-cell antigen receptor, CD40 ligand, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins.
Conclusion: Our investigation might lead to identification of proteins which are related to chemical publicity, in addition to these particular for respiratory problems no matter chemical publicity. These candidate proteins can be utilized as biomarker, in addition to a base for understanding the molecular mechanism of this chemical agent.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Mouse Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Mouse Cluster Of Differentiation (CD163) ELISA Kit
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, and is exclusively expressed in monocytes and macrophages. It functions as an acute phase-regulated receptor involved in the clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages, and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. This protein may also function as an innate immune sensor for bacteria and inducer of local inflammation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
Description: Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163) detection.tested for IF, IHC, WB in Human, Mouse, Rat. Various direct flourescent conjugates are available for FCM upon request. Please contact us for details.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Cd163. Recognizes Cd163 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:2000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD163. Recognizes CD163 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD163. Recognizes CD163 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IF; Recommended dilution: IF:1:50-1:200
Quantitative evaluation of differentially expressedproteins in psoriasis vulgaris utilizing tandem mass tags and parallel response monitoring
Background: Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a continual autoimmune inflammatory illness with epidermal hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis.
Strategies: The examine was to elucidate the pathogenesis of PV by quantitative proteomic evaluation of pores and skin lesion biopsies of PV and wholesome tissues with tandem mass tags (TMTs) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS.
Outcomes: A complete of 4562 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between PV lesional tissues (n = 11) and wholesome tissues (n = 11) had been recognized, of which 299 had been upregulated and 206 had been downregulated utilizing |fold change| > 1.Three because the cutoff threshold.
The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment evaluation revealed that the DEPs had been primarily enriched within the activation of immune cells (drug metabolism pathway, NOD-like pathway, and IL-17 pathway), cell proliferation (ribosomal pathway, DNA replication pathway, and base replication pathway), metabolism-related pathways (fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, PPAR pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cortisol synthesis and breakdown), and glandular secretion (saliva secretion, gastric acid secretion, and pancreatic fluid secretion).
13 DEPs that had been comparatively extremely expressed within the drug metabolism pathway had been validated with parallel response monitoring (PRM), of which MPO, TYMP, IMPDH2, GSTM4, and ALDH3A1 had been extremely expressed in PV, whereas CES1, MAOB, MGST1, and GSTT1 had been much less expressed in PV.
Conclusions: These findings confirmed that these proteins take part within the drug metabolism-other enzyme pathways and play essential roles within the activation and proliferation of immune cells within the pathogenesis of PV.
Description: Description of target: The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that belongs to the interleukin 1 receptor family. This protein binds interleukin alpha (IL1A), interleukin beta (IL1B), and interleukin 1 receptor, type I(IL1R1/IL1RA), and acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits the activity of its ligands. Interleukin 4 (IL4) is reported to antagonize the activity of interleukin 1 by inducing the expression and release of this cytokine. This gene and three other genes form a cytokine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 2q12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. Alternative splicing produces both membrane-bound and soluble proteins. A soluble protein is also produced by proteolytic cleavage.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Quantitative Colorimentric Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 32 pg/mL
Description: Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is located separately from the other H3 genes that are in the histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3.
Description: Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1?) is a proinflammatory cytokine and is produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1? and IL-1? bind to the same receptor and have similar biological properties.
Description: Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1?) is a proinflammatory cytokine and is produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells
Description: Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and is produced by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, gamma ? T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and eosinophils. IL-2 plays a critical role in immune responses against pathogenic infection
Description: Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells, mast cells and eosinophils, and stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, and committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte
Description: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent lymphoid cell growth factor produced by bone marrow and thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes. IL7 stimulates the proliferation of Pre-B, Pro-B and early T cells.
Human Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) AssayMax ELISA Kit
Description: IL-1 beta (IL-1β) is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. The IL-1 beta cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Canine IL-1 beta Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-1 beta cytokine produced in yeast.
Description: IL-1 alpha (IL-1α, IL-1F1) is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. IL-1 alpha is an inflammatory cytokine active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. Canine IL-1 alpha Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-1 alpha cytokine produced in yeast.
Description: IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1α and IL-1β binds to the same receptor and has similar if not identical biological properties. These cytokines have a broad range of activities including, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, mitogenic FGF-like activity and the ability to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. However, whereas IL-1β is a secreted cytokine, IL-1α is predominantly a cell-associated cytokine. Recombinant rat IL-1β is a 17.4 kDa protein containing 153 amino acid residues.
Description: Interleukin-1 beta Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 153 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17000 Dalton.;The IL-1b is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-1-alpha Interleukin-1 alpha Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: IL-1A Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 159 amino acids fragment (113-271) with an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag and having a total molecular mass of 22.5kDa. ;The Interleukin-1 alpha His-tag is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of regulatory cytokines which includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Members of this family share partial homology in their amino acid sequences, but they are dissimilar in their biological functions. Produced by T lymphocytes, IL-22 inhibits IL-4 production by Th2 cells, and induces acute phase reactants in the liver and pancreas. IL-22 signals through a receptor system consisting of IL-10R-β/CRF2-4 and IL-22R, both of which are members of the class II cytokine-receptor family. Recombinant human IL-22 is a 33.6 kDa non-disulfide-linked homodimeric protein containing of two 146 amino acid polypeptide chains.
Description: IL-17E is a disulfide-linked homodimer of two 145 amino acid polypeptide chains. It belongs to the IL-17 family of structurally-related cytokines that share a highly conserved C-terminal region, but differ from one another in their N-terminal regions and in their distinct biological roles. The six known members of this family, IL-17A through IL-17F, are secreted as homodimers. IL-17E stimulated secretion of IL-8, and induces activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in cells that express the IL-17BR receptor. Recombinant human IL-17E is a 33.8 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two 145 amino acid polypeptide chains.
Description: IL-20 is a member of the IL-10 family of regulatory cytokines which includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Members of this family share partial homology in their amino acid sequences but they are dissimilar in their biological functions. IL-20 is a hematopoietic growth factor capable of stimulating colony formation by CD34+ multipotential progenitors, but not by other progenitor cells. IL-20 signals through a receptor system composed of type I IL-20R-α and type II IL-20R-β. Over-expression of IL-20 in keratinocytes expressing both receptor subunits has been implicated in the induction of inflammatory skin disease. Recombinant human IL-20 is a 35.2 kDa homodimeric protein consisting of two 153 amino acid polypeptide chains.
Description: IL-19 belongs to the IL-10 family of regulatory cytokines which includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Members of this family share partial homology in their amino acid sequences but they are dissimilar in their biological functions. Preliminary data suggests that IL-19 is a proinflammatory cytokine because it up-regulates IL-6 and TNF-α and induces apoptosis through TNF-α. IL-19 signals through the type I IL-20R. Human and murine IL-19 share 71% amino acid sequence identity. Recombinant human IL-19 is a 17.9 kDa protein containing 153 amino acid residues. In solution IL-19 exists predominantly as a non-disulfide-linked dimer.
Description: IL-12 is a potent regulator of cell mediated immune responses and it induces IFN-γ production by NK and T cells. It is produced by activated monocytes/macrophage cells, B lymphocytes and connective tissue type mast cells. Among its biological activities IL-12 promotes the growth and activity of activated NK, CD4+ and CD8+ cells and induces the development of IFN-γ producing Th1 cells. Recombinant Human IL-12 is a 75.0 kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein consisting of disulfide-linked 35 kDa (p35) and 40 kDa (p40) subunits (503 total amino acid residues).
Description: IL-24 is a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the IL-10 structural family of cytokines. It is produced by a variety of cell types, including B cells, CD4+ cells, NK cells, lymph node DCs, monocytes, and melanoma cells. IL-24 can signal through the IL20R1/IL20R2 and IL22R1/IL20R2 receptors to initiate a signaling cascade which includes the induction of JAK1/STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-24 is, functionally, a pleiotropic protein but is generally characterized as an anti-cancer cytokine that can selectively inhibit growth of a wide variety of human cancer cells through activities that include the induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and the suppression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Recombinant human IL-24 is an 18.9 kDa glycoprotein, containing 161 amino acid residues, including a C-terminal His-tag.
Description: Human IL-31 is a T-cell derived cytokine that shares several structural and functional characteristics with IL-6, Oncostatin M, LIF, and Cardiotrophin-1. It signals through a receptor complex comprised of GPL (GP130-like, IL-31RA) and OSMR (Oncostatin M receptor). GPL/OSMR signaling is a strong activator of STAT3 and STAT5, and can also activate STAT1, Jak1, and Jak2 signaling pathways. IL-31 regulated immune responses have been implicated in skin physiology and inflammatory skin diseases. Recombinant IL-31 is a 15.8 kDa protein containing 141 amino acid residues.
Description: IL-17D is a disulfide-linked homodimer of two 185 amino acid polypeptide chains. It belongs to the IL-17 family of structurally-related cytokines that share a highly conserved C-terminal region but differ from one another in their N-terminal regions and in their distinct biological roles. The six known members of this family, IL-17A through IL-17F, are secreted as homodimers. IL-17D has the ability to stimulate the production of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF and inhibits hemopoiesis of myeloid progenitor cells in colony forming assays. Recombinant human IL-17D is a 40.5 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two 185 amino acid polypeptide chains.
Description: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is an immunomodulating cytokine mainly produced by adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells and stimulates the proliferation of T lymphocytes.
Description: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by Th17 cells. IL-17 regulates the activities of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases and stimulates the expression of IL6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), as well as the production of nitric oxide (NO).
Description: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. IL-21 induces the differentiation of T-cell-stimulated B-cells into plasma cells and memory B-cells, apoptotic effects in naïve B-cells.
Description: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine produced by macrophages, monocytes, T cells, B cells and keratinocytes. IL-10 inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-? and proliferation of T cells
Description: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocyte/macrophages, osteoblasts and keratinocytes, as a proprotein which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase-1. Human IL-18 can enhance NK cell activity in PBMC cultures.
Description: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocyte/macrophages, osteoblasts and keratinocytes, as a proprotein which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase-1. Human IL-18 can enhance NK cell activity in PBMC cultures.
Description: The originally described IL-17 protein, now known as IL-17A, is a disulfide linked homodimer, secreted by activated T-cells that act on stromal cells to induce production of proinflammatory and hematopoietic bioactive molecules. Today, IL-17 represents a family of structurally-related cytokines that share a highly conserved C-terminal region but differ from one another in their N-terminal regions and in their distinct biological roles. The six known members of this family, IL-17A through IL-17F, are secreted as homodimers. IL-17A exhibits cross-species bioactivity between human and murine cells. Recombinant murine IL-17A is a 30.0 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two 133 amino acid polypeptide chains.
Description: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a proinflammatory CXC chemokine produced by macrophages, epithelial cells. IL-8 is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies
Description: Interleukin-8 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 77 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8904 Dalton. ;The IL-8 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-1RA Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: IL1Ra Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 152 amino acids fragment (26-177) and having a total molecular mass of 21.63kDa with an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag. ;The IL-1Ra His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IL 1 alpha Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 179 amino acids (115-270 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 20.4kDa.;IL 1 alpha is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-1-beta Interleukin-1 beta Mouse Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Interleukin-1 beta Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 189 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 21 kDa. ;The IL-1b is fused to His-Tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-1-alpha Interleukin-1 alpha Rat Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: IL 1 alpha Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 179 amino acids (115-270 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 20.2kDa.
Description: Interleukin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 130 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 15kDa. ;The IL-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-6 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 184 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 21000 Dalton. ;The IL6 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 133 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 15000 Dalton. The IL-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-17B Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimeric, non-disulfide-linked polypeptide chain containing a total of 322 amino acids (2 chains of 161aa) and having a molecular mass of 36.5kDa. The IL-17B is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-9 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated single polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 14,004 Dalton. ;The IL-9 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-11 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 179 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19256.29 Dalton. ;The IL-11 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-17A Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing a total of 264 amino acids (2 chains of 132 aa) and having a molecular mass of 31kDa. ;The IL-17 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IL-29 human recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 181 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 20 kDa.
Description: IL-28A human recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 175 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.6 kDa.
Description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and macrophages, and plays an critical role in host defense by regulating immune and inflammatory responses.
Description: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent lymphoid cell growth factor produced by bone marrow and thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes. IL7 stimulates the proliferation of Pre-B, Pro-B and early T cells.
Description: IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T lymphocytes, basophils, mast cells and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 plays an important role in the regulation of isotype switching, differentiation of precursor T helper cells and induction of IgE production in B lymphocytes.
IL-1RA Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Mouse Recombinant Protein
Description: IL1 ra Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 153 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17.4kDa. ;The IL1ra is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-10 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 181 amino acids fragment (19-178) and having a total molecular mass of 20.94kDa with a 20 amino acids N-Terminal His tag. ;The IL-10 His-Tag protein is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IL-5 is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the proliferation and activation of eosinophils. Produced by mast cells, T cells, and eosinophils, IL-5 plays an important role in inducing cell-mediated immunity against parasitic infections and certain tumors. Elevated levels of IL-5 lead to Eosinophilia, which may result in the induction of asthma and other allergic diseases. Human and murine IL-5 is cross-species reactive. Recombinant murine IL-5 is a 26.2 kDa disulfide-linked homodimeric protein containing two 113 amino acid chains.
Description: IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL-4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL-4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergy. Recombinant murine IL-4 is a 13.5 kDa globular protein containing 121 amino acid residues.
Description: IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor which affects primarily early B and T cells. Produced by thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes, IL-7 can also co-stimulate the proliferation of mature T cells in combination with other factors such as ConA and IL-2. Human and murine IL-7 is cross-species reactive. Recombinant murine IL-7 is a 15.0 kDa protein containing 130 amino acid residues.
Description: IL-9 is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced by IL-2 activated Th2 lymphocytes. IL-9 enhances the proliferation of T lymphocytes, mast cells, erthroid precursor cells and megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. Over-expression of IL-9 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anaplastic lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease. Recombinant rat IL-9 is a 14.3 kDa protein of 127 amino acid residues including 10 cysteine residues which are fully conserved between the human murine proteins.
Description: IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Its action generally enhances antigen-specific responses of immune cells. The biological effects of IL-21 include induction of differentiation of T-cells-stimulated-B-cells into plasma cells and memory B-cells, stimulation (in conjunction) with IL-4 of IgG production, and induction of apoptotic effects in naïve B-cells and stimulated B-cells in the absence of T-cell signaling. Additionally, IL-21 promotes the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells. IL-21 exerts its effect through binding to a specific type I cytokine receptor, IL-21R, which also contains the γ chain (γc) found in other cytokine receptors including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15. The IL-21/IL-21R interaction triggers a cascade of events which includes activation of the tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK3, followed by activation of the transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3. Recombinant murine IL-21 is a 15.0 kDa protein consisting of 130 amino acid residues.
Description: IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, which have indispensable functions in many infectious and inflammatory diseases. Chicken IL-10 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-10 produced in yeast.
Description: IL-13 is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to effects on immune cells, IL-13 is implicated as a central mediator of the physiologic changes induced by allergic inflammation in many tissues. Canine IL-13 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-13 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. Canine IL-6 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-6 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-18 works together with IL-12 to induce cell-mediated immunity following infection, and IL-18 is also able to induce severe inflammatory reactions, which suggests its role in certain inflammatory disorders. Chicken IL-18 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-18 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with structural similarity to IL-2 that is secreted by mononuclear phagocytes following infection by virus(es). This cytokine induces cell proliferation of natural killer cells. Equine IL-15 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-15 produced in yeast.
Description: IL-4 has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity. Chicken IL-4 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-4 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine produced by T-helper cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. It is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to the regulation of the immune response. Canine IL-2 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-2 produced in yeast.
Description: IL-17A is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, whose members are involved in numerous immune regulatory functions. IL-17 induces the production of many other cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins. Canine IL-17A Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-17A produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is an ELR-positive CXC family member chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. ELR-positive CXC chemokines such as IL-8 specifically induce the migration of neutrophils, and interact with chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Canine IL-8 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-8 produced in yeast.
Description: The cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, modulates the cytotoxic activity and survival of NK and CD8+ T cells, and suppresses the maturation of dendritic cells. Canine IL-21 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-21 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (IL-1F3, IL-1ra) belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines, whose members play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) reduces inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. Canine IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1F3, IL-1ra) produced in yeast.
Description: IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells and initiates innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens, especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems.
Description: The IL-5 cytokine has a key role in regulating eosinophil development and is responsible for selective terminal differentiation of eosinophils. It is associated with the cause of several allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis and asthma. Canine IL-5 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-5 produced in yeast.
Description: Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been characterized as a chemoattractant for certain immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4, and it has effects on mixed lymphocyte reaction and inhibition of HIV viral replication. Chicken IL-16 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-16 produced in yeast.
Description: IL-17F induces the production of many other cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins from many cell types (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, keratinocytes and macrophages). IL-17F has been shown to have a pro-inflammatory role in asthma. Chicken IL-17F Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-17F produced in yeast.
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