Structural Views on Extracellular Recognition and Conformational Adjustments of A number of Kind-I Transmembrane Receptors
Kind-I transmembrane proteins characterize a big group of 1,412 proteins in people with a mess of features in cells and tissues. They’re characterised by an extracellular, or luminal, N-terminus adopted by a single transmembrane helix and a cytosolic C-terminus.
The area composition and buildings of the extracellular and intercellular segments differ considerably amongst its members. A lot of the type-I transmembrane proteins have roles in cell signaling processes, as ligands or receptors, and in mobile adhesion. The extracellular section usually determines specificity and may management signaling and adhesion.
Right here we concentrate on latest structural understanding on how the extracellular segments of a number of numerous type-I transmembrane proteins have interaction in interactions and may endure conformational modifications for his or her perform. Interactions on the extracellular aspect by proteins on the identical cell or between cells are enhanced by the transmembrane setting. Extracellular conformational area rearrangement and structural modifications inside domains alter the properties of the proteins and are used to manage signaling occasions.
The mixture of structural properties and interactions can help the formation of larger-order assemblies on the membrane floor which are necessary for mobile adhesion and intercellular signaling.
MicroRNA-548ac induces apoptosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by concentrating on transmembrane protein 158
Laryngeal most cancers is a typical head and neck most cancers that results the standard of lifetime of these affected. Early analysis and remedy are important to attenuate the dangerous results of laryngeal most cancers, which might enhance the survival charge of sufferers following surgical procedure and retain the voice perform of the larynx.
The aim of the current examine was to discover the molecular mechanism of the event of laryngeal most cancers and to find out the biomarker for the analysis and remedy of laryngeal most cancers. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and The Most cancers Genome Atlas database evaluation had been used to substantiate excessive expression of TMEM158 in laryngeal most cancers.
The consequences of TMEM158 and miR-548ac was investigated by in vitro and in vivo assays (MTT assay, colony-formation assay, movement cytometry assay, western blotting and tumor xenograft assay). Luciferase reporter assay, western blotting and RTq-PCR had been used to substantiate that miR-548 immediately focused the three’-untranslated area of TMEM158 and inhibited TMEM158 expression.
Taken collectively, the current outcomes counsel that miR-548ac features as an important most cancers suppressor in laryngeal most cancers, which induces apoptosis in laryngeal most cancers cells by suppressing TMEM158. Thus, miR-548ac could also be a possible goal for the remedy of laryngeal most cancers.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr992) antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y992
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Tie-2 (phospho Tyr1108) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IF, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Tie-2 (phospho Tyr1108) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IF, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Tie-2 (phospho Tyr992) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Tie-2 (phospho Tyr992) from Human/Mouse. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, WB, ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1108
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1108
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1108) antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1108
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) from Human, Mouse. This Tie-2 phospho Tyr1102) antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Tie-2 around the phosphorylation site of Y1102
Description: TIE-1 (Tyrosine Kinase with Ig and EGF Homology domains 1) and TIE-2/Tek comprise a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily. These receptors are expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells and play critical roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. Human TIE-1 cDNA encodes a 1124 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with an 18aa signal peptide, a 727 aa extracellular domain and a 354 aa cytoplasmic domain. so far, two ligands have been described for TIE-2 [angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2)], but no ligand was found for TIE-1.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Tie-1 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Tie-1 at AA range: 820-900
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Tie-1 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Tie-1 at AA range: 820-900
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Tie-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Tie-1 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Tie-1 at AA range: 820-900
Description: R-Phycoerythrin-labeled anti-PD-1 neutralizing recombinant murine/human chimeric antibody recognizing the PD-L1/PD-L2 binding region of human PD-1. This antibody does not cross-react with mouse PD-1, but does cross-react with monkey (M. fascicularis) PD-1. It has not been tested with other species.
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a receptor that belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase Tie2 family. The encoded protein possesses a unique extracellular region that contains two immunoglobulin-like domains, three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and three fibronectin type III repeats. The ligand angiopoietin-1 binds to this receptor and mediates a signaling pathway that functions in embryonic vascular development. Mutations in this gene are associated with inherited venous malformations of the skin and mucous membranes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Quantitative Colorimentric Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 157 pg/mL
Purified Mouse TIE-2 (1-744aa) recombinant control protein for WB
Description: Recombinant human monoclonal antibody recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD glycoprotein. This antibody cross-reacts with the Spike protein from the SARS-CoV virus.
Description: Anti-Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) IgG1 antibody is a purified recombinant antibody which recognizes human CLDN18.2 antigen. This antibody has been tested for specific binding affinity to purified human CLDN18.2 protein.
Description: FGF basic (FGF2) is a multipotential fibroblast growth factor that stimulates and supports proliferation, migration and differentiation. Mouse FGF basic (FGF-2) Recombinant Protein is purified FGF basic (FGF-2) produced in yeast.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TIE (N-term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Human TEK/Tie-2(Angiopoietin Receptor Tie2) ELISA Kit
Description: Biotinylated anti-Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) IgG1 antibody is a purified recombinant antibody that recognizes human CLDN18.2 antigen. This antibody has been tested for specific binding to purified human CLDN18.2 protein.
S-palmitoylation of swine interferon-inducible transmembrane protein is crucial for its anti-JEV exercise
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an infectious pathogen spreading in a variety of vertebrate species. Pigs are amplifying hosts of JEV and considered maintained in nature predominantly by avian-mosquito cycles. Within the innate immune system,
interferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) is a small transmembrane protein household and has been recognized as the primary line of protection towards a broad vary of RNA virus invasion. On this paper, we discovered that swine IFITM (sIFITM) might limit the replication of each JEV vaccine pressure and wild pressure NJ-2008. The cysteine S-palmitoylation modification of sIFITM performs necessary roles of their anti-JEV results and intracellular distributions.
Our findings present the anti-JEV actions of swine interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins and broaden the antiviral spectrum of IFITM protein household. The preliminary exploration of S-palmitoylation modification of sIFITM might contribute to understanding of the antiviral molecular mechanism of sIFITM.
Polymersome-based modular nanoreactors with size-selective transmembrane permeability.
Polymersome nanoreactors encapsulating the enzymes or particulate catalysts appeal to curiosity due to their potential use as modular reactors to synthesize advanced compounds by way of a cascade of chemical reactions in a single batch.
To realize these objectives, a key requirement is the tunable permeability of the polymersome membrane, which permits the size-selective transportation of reagents and merchandise whereas defending the encapsulated catalysts throughout the chemical response.
We report right here a stimuli-responsive route for controlling the permeability of the polymersomes of the binary mix of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene (PEG-b-PS) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylbenzylborate) (PEG-b-PABB). The presence of H2O2 (1 mM) within the medium (0.1M PBS, pH 7.4) triggers the oxidation of benzyl borate pendants of PABB to type poly(acrylic acid) (PAA).
This transformation leads to the perforation of the compartmentalizing membrane of polymersomes by the dissolution of PEG-b-PAA domains embedded within the inert PEG-b-PS matrix. By controlling the composition of the stimuli-responsive block copolymer, the polymersomes of the binary mix exhibit size-selective permeability with out dropping the structural integrity. Launch of fluorescent company with completely different sizes (Fluorescein, PEG2k-Cm, PEG5k-Rho) could be managed by tuning the composition (PEG-b-PS/PEG-b-PABB = 100/0 ~ 80/20) of blended polymersomes.
Selective permeability of the membrane gives safety of the encapsulated enzymes from exterior proteases current within the medium, ensuing within the one-pot synthesis of small molecules by way of cascades of chemical reactions.
The nanoparticular catalysts are additionally encapsulated inside the permeable polymersomes, serving as modular reactors for the conversion of natural compounds by way of a cascade of reactions.
Description: The CD80 antigen (B7, BB1) recognizes a 60 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, member of the immunoglobulin family. This molecule shares with CD86 the capability to be the ligand for two structurally similar molecules expressed on T lymphocytes, CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4). CD80 antigen is expressed on in vitro activated B lymphocytes. It is not expressed on the majority of resting B cells from peripheral blood but identifies a subpopulation of B cells that has been previously activated. The antigen is also expressed by HTLV-1 transformed T cells activated monocytes, and constitutively on dendritic cells. CD80 binding provides costimulatory signals for T cell activation.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD80. Recognizes CD80 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC-p:1:50-300, ELISA:1:10000-20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD80. Recognizes CD80 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD80. Recognizes CD80 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against CD80. Recognizes CD80 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: CD80, also known as B7-1, is a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Like the related protein CD86, this protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell and induces T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. CTLA-4 binding negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response (1). Blocking the CTLA-4-CD80/CD86 interaction has been shown to enhance T-cell functions in acute lymphoblastomic leukemia (ALL), suggesting that this pathway may be an attractive target for future cancer immunotherapy (2).
Description: CD80, also known as B7-1, is a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Like the related protein CD86, this protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell and induces T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. CTLA-4 binding negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response (1). Blocking the CTLA-4-CD80/CD86 interaction has been shown to enhance T-cell functions in acute lymphoblastomic leukemia (ALL), suggesting that this pathway may be an attractive target for future cancer immunotherapy (2).
Description: T cell proliferation and lymphokine production are triggered by occupation of the TCR by antigen, followed by a costimulatory signal that is delivered by a ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells. The B7-related cell surface proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on antigen presenting cells bind the homologous T cell receptors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4) and CD28 and trigger costimulatory signals for optimal T cell activation. CTLA-4 shares 31% overall amino acid identity with CD28 and it has been proposed that CD28 and CTLA-4 are functionally redundant. SLAM is a novel receptor on T cells that, when engaged, potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. B7, also designated BB1, is another ligand or counter receptor for CD28 and CTLA-4 that is expressed on the antigen-presenting cell.
Description: T cell proliferation and lymphokine production are triggered by occupation of the TCR by antigen, followed by a costimulatory signal that is delivered by a ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells. The B7-related cell surface proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on antigen presenting cells bind the homologous T cell receptors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4) and CD28 and trigger costimulatory signals for optimal T cell activation. CTLA-4 shares 31% overall amino acid identity with CD28 and it has been proposed that CD28 and CTLA-4 are functionally redundant. SLAM is a novel receptor on T cells that, when engaged, potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. B7, also designated BB1, is another ligand or counter receptor for CD28 and CTLA-4 that is expressed on the antigen-presenting cell.
Description: T cell proliferation and lymphokine production are triggered by occupation of the TCR by antigen, followed by a costimulatory signal that is delivered by a ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells. The B7-related cell surface proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on antigen presenting cells bind the homologous T cell receptors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4) and CD28 and trigger costimulatory signals for optimal T cell activation. CTLA-4 shares 31% overall amino acid identity with CD28 and it has been proposed that CD28 and CTLA-4 are functionally redundant. SLAM is a novel receptor on T cells that, when engaged, potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. B7, also designated BB1, is another ligand or counter receptor for CD28 and CTLA-4 that is expressed on the antigen-presenting cell.
Description: T cell proliferation and lymphokine production are triggered by occupation of the TCR by antigen, followed by a costimulatory signal that is delivered by a ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells. The B7-related cell surface proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on antigen presenting cells bind the homologous T cell receptors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4) and CD28 and trigger costimulatory signals for optimal T cell activation. CTLA-4 shares 31% overall amino acid identity with CD28 and it has been proposed that CD28 and CTLA-4 are functionally redundant. SLAM is a novel receptor on T cells that, when engaged, potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. B7, also designated BB1, is another ligand or counter receptor for CD28 and CTLA-4 that is expressed on the antigen-presenting cell.
Description: Cluster of Differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD80 works in tandem with CD86 to prime T cells. The CD80 genes encode B7-1 which are structurally similar members of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cell types.
by 
